Docker 部署Goalng单体应用

示例 1: 纯 Golang 项目的部署, 如果需要排除某个文件/目录, 编写.dockerignore文件即可, 与.gitignore文件格式相同

FROM golang:1.21 AS builder
MAINTAINER Lookeke
ENV VERSION 1.0

WORKDIR /app

# 拷贝当前目录下可以执行文件
COPY . .

RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.com.cn,direct
# 里要加-tags netgo进行静态编译，否则由于alipne基础镜像缺少必要的动态库，可能会出现类似“no such file or directory"的报错
# 或者直接禁用gcc，然后进行编译
RUN go mod download
RUN go env -w CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64
RUN go build -o myapp .

FROM alpine:latest

WORKDIR /app

# 从 builder 镜像中复制 Go 二进制文件到当前镜像中
COPY --from=builder /app/myapp .

# 设置时区为上海
RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
RUN echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone

# 设置编码
ENV LANG C.UTF-8

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 4000

# 定义容器启动时运行的命令
ENTRYPOINT ["/app/myapp"]

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'

services:
  tiktok:
    image: <image>
    container_name: <container_name>
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
      - "4000:4000"
    volumes:
      - ./configs:/data/conf
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    command: ["/app/<image>", "-conf", "/data/conf"]

构建 Docker 镜像

将image: web # 这里需要替换成你使用 Docker build的名字

语法:

docker build [--progress=plain] [--no-cache] -t <image_name> <path>

例: 在当前目录构建所有文件, 镜像名为web, 不使用Docker缓存, 显示构建过程的详细信息

--progress=plain: 构建过程中显示的详细信息的格式
--no-cache : 不使用缓存
web : 构建的镜像名
. : 当前目录所有文件

docker build --progress=plain --no-cache -t goapp .

如果不在当前目录, 使用选项-f

例:

docker-compose -f ./build/ci/frontent/docker-compose.yml up -d

.dockerignore

# Reference https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/Go.gitignore
# Binaries for programs and plugins
*.exe
*.exe~
*.dll
*.dylib

# Test binary, built with `go test -c`
*.test

# Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
*.out

# Dependency directories (remove the comment below to include it)
vendor/

# Go workspace file
go.work

# Compiled Object files, Static and Dynamic libs (Shared Objects)
*.o
*.a
*.so

# OS General
Thumbs.db
.DS_Store

# project
*.cert
*.key
*.log
bin/

# Develop tools
.vscode/
.idea/
*.swp

延伸

查看镜像大小, 继续缩小容器大小

docker image history <image_id>

尝试使用更极致大小的镜像

scratch, a completely empty base image.
scratch ，则为完全空的基础映像。
[distroless/static-debian](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless), built on top of scratch, about 2MB in size, including CA, root user, etc. It is only half the size of alpine, and is used by many as the Go base image.
[distroless/static-debian](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless) ，建立在零开始之上，大小约为 2MB，包括 CA 、 root user 等。它只有的 alpine 一半大小，被许多人用作 Go 基础映像。

参考

https://betterprogramming.pub/path-to-a-perfect-go-dockerfile-f7fe54b5c78c

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